From its founding in 1604, New France's survival depended on the profitability of the fur trade, specifically beaver pelts. Samuel de Champlain, the colony's first deputy viceroy and founder of the settlement at Quebec, was keenly aware of this critical dependency and of the need to establish and maintain good relations with the native peoples (particularly the Huron, Algonquin, and Montagnais nations) who exchanged furs for European goods. To this end, Champlain sent representatives to the tribes' villages. These young men, known as truchements (interpreters) were directed to live among the Indians in order to learn their languages and understand their customs. Additionally, they were to study the geography of the surrounding countryside and make maps for future reference.

Etienne Brule became Champlain's first truchement. Rash, entrepreneurial and daring, he was the first white man to see much of the North American interior and deserves to be ranked as one of the continent's foremost explorers. However, his legacy was ultimately overshadowed by an act of treachery.

Background and Initial Explorations

Brule had arrived in New France in 1608, aged sixteen, as Champlain's engage (indentured servant). He was a member of the party that founded Quebec later in the same year, and endured the horrific winter of 1608-09 that killed most of the group. His fortitude and physical strength, combined with a lively intellect and exceptional initiative, quickly made him a favourite of Champlain.